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Saxophones and Sustainability: Embracing Green Mobility in Music Exchanges

Two men in front of a contemporary architectural building. Photo.
Per and Pär at Ciutat De Les Arts in Les Ciéncies.

Written by:
Pär Moberg, Senior lecturer in Folk and World music, Malmö Academy of Music

In November 2023, I visited the Conservatorio Superior de Música Joaquín Rodrigo in Valencia, a Spanish city on the Mediterranean coast. As well as being the home of the renowned architect Calatrava (known in Malmö for the Turning Torso), the city turned out to be the centre of a region with a very strong brass band tradition. Every municipality worth its salt has one, often two, brass bands. That means there are a lot of talented brass students. Good for me as a saxophonist!

The international coordinator in Valencia is a Swedish-speaking Spaniard who has lived in Sweden for several years and who has also translated Strindberg into Spanish. He is very enthusiastic about exchanges with Sweden, so there is now a lot of interaction between our institutions. Our professor of organ, Hans Hellsten, was there in 2022, one of their students is currently on exchange with us, and this time we were actually two teachers from Malmö who came to Valencia at the same time: myself and Lena Ekman Frisk, a lecturer in choral singing.

The Erasmus system we were travelling with encourages ‘green mobility’ and for me it was an obvious choice to take the train. Lena and her husband Per, who also came along, were not late to join. When the journey takes two days with an overnight stay in Paris, it is nice to have travelling companions.

Three persons looking into the camera. Photo.
Pär Moberg, our Spanish contact Maria Angeles and Lena Ekman Frisk.

Spectacular Experiences

The strongest impression of Valencia will probably be the spectacular modernist architecture of the Ciutat De Les Arts in Les Ciéncies, where most of the buildings were designed by Calatrava. The buildings were located in the long park that we passed every day on our way to the Conservatorio Superior de Música Joaquín Rodrigo. They are really fascinating to see, although the locals had their opinions that they were an expensive political theatre.

Spectacular in another way was the long park that winds through much of the city centre. It was originally the site of a river, but when it caused severe flooding in the 1950s, it was decided to move it out of the city centre. Today, the riverbed is a park, and a very beautiful and popular one, both for tourists and locals. One might have reservations about such a violent intervention in the landscape, but the park clearly fulfils an important function in the city as a green breathing space.

The Impact of International Exchanges

Exchanges have been a common thread in both my own studies and teaching. The Nordic and Baltic conservatoires that offer programmes in folk and world music have a common network within Nordplus called Nordtrad, where we get together with teachers and students for an intensive week every year. Through Nordtrad I have built up an extensive network of colleagues in the genre throughout the region. In recent years we have also started a smaller ‘Öresund Folk Music Network’, which includes the Malmö Academy of Music together with the Esbjerg Academy of Music and two folk high schools in Sweden and Denmark. We also meet once a year.

International exchanges give me great job satisfaction and new experiences and perspectives that I can use in my teaching. Besides, it is not very difficult, especially with Nordplus. Erasmus exchanges require a bit more paperwork, but the school staff will help you.

You don’t need to have an established contact before you go, although it will make things easier, but if you are interested in visiting a particular university, I recommend that you contact their international coordinator and register your interest. A good first step might be to contact a school that you know your home faculty already works with, for example on exchange students, then there will already be established channels. But be sure to take the train! Flying emits an outrageous amount of greenhouse gases, and travelling by train is a fun part of the experience!

Selfie of Pär Moberg together with students. Photo: Pär Moberg.
Selfie with the students.

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A more civilised way of business travel

Selfie in snowy Geneva.

Written by:
Ebba Malmqvist, Associate professor, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

In recent years, I have travelled a lot by train across Europe for work. I almost always avoid flying. In the post-pandemic era, we know that many on-site meetings are unnecessary and presentations can just as easily be listened to at home, but sometimes you have to meet and I try to choose the train.

A couple of times a year I have to go to Geneva to attend meetings on the UN Air Convention. A normal train journey starts with an afternoon train to Copenhagen with a thermos of tea and fruit, maybe some bread and cheese. It used to be possible to eat on the ferry between Copenhagen and Hamburg, but now it is a detour around Denmark while the tunnel is being built. So I am prepared for about 5 hours on the train to Hamburg. The wonderful thing is that you only have to arrive 15 minutes before departure, 30 minutes if you are worried and want some margins. But no long queues to get your bags scanned and no waiting at expensive airports. You just get on when the train arrives.

Danish trains are comfortable and it’s easy to work on them, I usually have a few articles printed out if I get tired of the screen. But I usually manage to write a lot in five hours, uninterrupted writing time is a luxury when you are used to having many commitments. Trains are not cramped sardine cans, there is plenty of room for computers and legs. There are also quiet compartments where you can work in peace and quiet.

Satisfied with all the texts, I arrive in Hamburg around eight o’clock, with plenty of time for dinner and a walk, my bag safely locked away at the station. As bedtime approaches, I board the Hamburg-Basel night train and fall asleep to the shaking of the carriages. In the morning, breakfast is served by the train host, and you can catch a glimpse of the beautiful Alps, still a little white on the peaks. Once you’ve had your breakfast, it’s time to get off and change trains for Geneva. Swiss trains have restaurant cars where you can enjoy a good cappuccino in a porcelain cup while taking in the views of the Alps and valleys. Because it’s so easy to get caught up in the scenery, I only have time to check the morning’s mailbox and the day’s meeting agenda before arriving in the middle of the city. No transfer buses, long corridors, baggage carousels or queues to get into the city, but you arrive in the middle of the city, ready for the day’s meetings.  

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Slow Science and Work-Life Balance

View of houses in Trondheim, Norway. Photo.
Trondheim sightseeing.

Written by:
Tullia Jack, Docent, Department of Service Studies

In 2015 I travelled to Trondheim for the first time. As a PhD student on a tight budget, my journey was defined by the cheapest bus and train tickets, uncomfortable seats, and navigating the city’s steep hills on foot rather than opting for taxis. Fast forward a decade later, and I found myself travelling back to Trondheim by train, this time not alone but with my family in tow – my husband, his mum, a baby, and three-year-old twins. While I was attending a workshop, my family explored the city and visited a water park. We all met back at the hostel in the evening, me academically exhausted and the family physically exhausted.

It was a fun opportunity to combine work and family travel; my husband is on parental leave and the children don’t have to be in school yet so getting away for a week is still possible. The whole family enjoyed the adventure, the train travel was particularly memorable for the under 3s and all of us got to play in the snow since we spent a night in Storlien between trains.

I hope my experience can raise awareness that some of us researchers may want to bring their families along to workshops and conferences and allocate both time and resources to accommodate this need. For example, we added a few extra days on each side of the workshop so that the kids had time to land before travelling again. We also had a whole train compartment to ourselves and a family room at the hostel which was more expensive. This summer we are planning to go to The European Sociological Conference in Portugal and are happy to see that they offer (paid) childcare. The alternative to accommodating family travel for conference attendance might be that parents and others with caring responsibilities don’t get to go to conferences or are forced to fly.

Navigating the relationship between my personal and professional spheres emphasized the importance of cultivating a culture that promotes sustainable travel practices within academia. The workshop I participated in, focusing on strong sustainability, embodied this philosophy by not only welcoming my family but also covering their expenses. It’s about creating an inclusive environment where slow travel is not only accepted but encouraged—it’s about slow science. While train travel may take longer in the short term, I think it can create an effective work-life balance in the long run.

Rainbow over mountains. Photo.
From my first trip to Trondheim as a PhD. I felt very lucky to be catching the train, especially when I saw a rainbow from the window.
Family in snowy landscape. Photo.
We stayed over night at Storlien which was a chance to see some snow.
Two kids and a man on the platform next to a train. Photo.
Feeling perky after a good night’s sleep on the train.
Two kids and a troll statue. Photo.
Getting close and personal with the locals.

Role models and sustainable structures

I haven’t experienced any negative effects on my career as a result of choosing not to fly in academia. But when I think about it, it has shaped my career in some ways. Soon after my PhD, I was invited to join an interesting project with a group of international researchers. As a young researcher, it’s easy to feel that you have to say yes to everything.  But when we got the money and the group started planning a kick-off in Panama, I had second thoughts. I pulled out of the project, not only because of the air travel, but it did feel good to send everyone an email saying I would not be flying to Panama!

I’m in a lucky position right now, at a point in my career where it’s time to be experimental. I currently have more research funding than time, the freedom to travel as I please, and minimal teaching commitments. It’s crucial that researchers with permanent positions act as role models. We can’t put more pressure on PhD students to risk their careers, it’s the more senior researchers who can set the example. But we also need to support new researchers in a way that’s sustainable, that makes slow travel a natural part of an academic career. We need bigger travel budgets, and more time making it easy to take a comfortable train and be able to afford a hotel room near the train station. Inspiration is more likely to strike when we aren’t stressed, so slow travel might even synergize creative research. We need to have both role models and a structure in place to help us make sustainable choices and set the scene for abundant academic internationalization without flying.

Article: Jack, T., & Glover, A. (2021). Online conferencing in the midst of COVID-19: an “already existing experiment” in academic internationalization without air travel. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 17(1), 292–304

Woman and baby. Photo.
My first workshop with bubba – notice the name tag!
Baby looking out of train window. Photo.
Bubba enjoyed looking out the window.

Photographers: Tullia Jack, Marion Cooper and Nico Cooper

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A train journey fueled by coffee: reflections from Lund to Vienna

View of lake and forest from train window. Photo.
There are nice views with forest in areas close to the border Austria–Germany.

Written by:
Alfredo Mendoza, Senior lecturer, Engineering Geology, LTH

It was short after five in the morning when I went to the tram station and started my trip from Lund to Vienna. Going early morning to take a train brought me memories from my childhood with my mother, waking up early in the morning to go to the village station. The train would horn one hour ahead of departure so that travellers could make it in time to the station. Then the old train would slowly move among mountains, volcanoes, and by a lake shore to finally reach Nicaragua’s capital seven hours later, only 140 km away! For a child, that railway – built to speed up agricultural industrialisation during one of the most dramatic dictatorial periods in the national history – was filled with chances to eat traditional snacks and get my favourite drink at the time, “café con leche”.

Now, I was going to take the train to Vienna to present some work on groundwater at the European Geosciences Union assembly (EGU). My motivation for taking the train was simple; if I am introducing environmental issues in my Engineering Geology teaching, telling students that there are not infinite amounts of natural sand for construction, and when I am witnessing increasing stress on groundwater resources, then I should choose means of transport that have less impact on the environment. Yes, it is indeed more expensive to travel by train, but we shouldn’t wait for it to become cheap, as the alternatives to train bear higher costs for the future. As a migrant and an academic aware of the sustainability challenges, I want to reserve my flight’s ‘quota’ for the intercontinental trips to visit relatives. And I aim to live as I teach!

Working and talking to strangers

My outbound trip included changes in Copenhagen, Hamburg and Würzburg, and took almost 17 hours, trip that I made on a Sunday. It didn’t go without troubles; the train from Hamburg was changed without notice, and if I didn’t have contacted the German train services, I would have missed my presentation that was scheduled next morning. Stressing! Here I learned that having the DB-Navigator app was the best way to track the train schedules. This meant that the final change was not done in Würzburg but instead in Nürnberg. From there, I could breathe calmly as then I was sure to arrive in time for the conference.

What did I do during the travelling time? Well…what about working a bit? I was equipped with a laptop, a book, and articles. Note that the Copenhagen-Hamburg train did not have el-sockets, at least not in my carriage. It is also a good idea to talk to other travellers. On the outbound trip I met a senior travelling from Norway to England to visit his son, and on the inbound trip I talked to an Austrian music student going back to the school in Berlin. What about food? My solution was to bring knäckebröd, fruits and a thermos with light-roasted brewed coffee. The closest to real coffee one can get at these latitudes. But there is a bistro in most long-range trains, and plenty of restaurants around the train stations, if one cannot bring own food.

Laptop and book. Photo.
Some work and some reading help to spend the travel time.
View over village and grey sky. Photo.
The railway is quite high at Rendsburg, in north Germany.

Following Freud for a coffee

Vienna was a nice vigorous city with smooth and efficient public transport. Getting there by train had the additional advantage of arriving right in the city centre, avoiding all the traffic complications. Planning well in advance made it possible to fix accommodation at a relatively low cost, although Vienna was not the cheapest place I have visited, in my experience only beaten by Oslo. Despite the tight conference schedule, I could scape a couple of times, take a coffee (8 am) at Café Central, the coffee-house where the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud and politician Leon Trotsky used to meet their friends, and the Arts History Museum with its impressive painting collections, ancient Egyptian collections and more. I choose not to visit the most recommended one, the Natural History Museum because of lack of time but also because I was already overloaded with natural sciences at the conference 😊 I happened to listen to voices saying that Vienna was going to be warmer than Lund, and did not bring enough warm clothes, wrong!

The conference was huge, around 18000 participants on site. Spanning all imaginable avenues and corners of the geosciences, including geoeducation, and of course applied and theoretical research. It offered a unique opportunity to exchange ideas with people across continents, researching in similar or other disciplines. The only complication is that choosing among 1000 sessions required serious planning. No way to choose based on discipline as there was not only one session dealing with “groundwater”, “hydrogeology” or “geophysics”. I am also interested in higher education and engineering geology in a broad sense, making it trickier to select. A priority list was necessary.

Time flew and it was time to go home. The inbound trip started 6 am on a Saturday, the train went without changes from Vienna to Hamburg, via Berlin. Why didn’t I get this option for the outbound trip? It was much more relaxed and pleasant seating. The ICE 94 operated by the Austrian ÖB was by far the cleanest and most comfortable train. After returning home, I asked myself if I would travel that distance by train again, considering the time it takes, and the answer is of course!

Man by a train window. Photo.
Alfredo Mendoza

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Combine networking with travel? Yes, please!

Woman outdoor in a snowy park. A statue in the shape of a clothespin. Photo.
Ylva van Meeningen in front of Skin 4, alias ’Klädnypan’ in Umeå, northern Sweden

Written by:
Ylva van Meeningen, Research Coordinator, Lund University Agenda 2030 Graduate School and Sustainability Forum

It was not a conscious decision to stop flying. Not in the beginning. As a PhD student, I flew to conferences, on scientific exchanges or to participate in different courses. But life happens, as it does. I started to have a family and suddenly more than six years have passed without a single flight. And if you haven’t flown for six years, why start again? Besides, I have always liked travelling by train. To see how the landscapes changes in the comfort of a warm cozy seat and (hopefully) not too crowded coach. And the notion that all the passengers on this train are all going somewhere, to visit friends, to work, to get away or to go home. And that this train, for a small period of time, brings us all together.

Combining travel and networking

In the end of February 2024, I went to Umeå in northern Sweden to participate in a symposium on sustainable development teaching in higher education. It suited me well as I work with the Agenda 2030 Graduate School at Lund University to meet colleagues from all over Europe to discuss and exchange ideas. Travelling by train was a perfect fit for me. By taking the night train, I could work a full day and help putting my kids to bed before embarking on this exciting journey of mine.

But did I go all the way in one sweep? No. I wanted to take full advantage of travelling by train instead of taking a plane. Because one good advantage is that you have the possibility to network along the way. It both creates a bit of space to handle potential train delays and gives the opportunity to meet this person x or organization y that you have always thought you should get in touch with. So this is what I did. I made a stop in Uppsala of approximately 6 hours to do some networking with the people who happened to be free that particular day. There is something that happens when you meet someone face to face and I got some great new insights and ideas for future projects from the people I met on this planned stop.

The rest of the trip went well. I enjoyed stunning views of the Nordic landscape, met new colleagues who were as passionate about teaching sustainability as I am, and will for sure have new collaborations for future activities.

Hands, table, paper and cups. Photo.
Networking in Uppsala on the way to Umeå.

What to keep in mind when travelling in Sweden

If you are going to travel by train within Sweden, here is some friendly advice from someone who grew up in this country and takes the customs we have here for granted and something that is completely normal (even though you might think otherwise).

Nr. 1: Even though you travel first class, do not expect any special treatment. On my night trains up and down from Umeå, I did have my own room and my own small bathroom. But that is basically it. You do not necessarily get any food (neither dinner nor breakfast), you do not get any wake up calls and you will not find special goodies hidden beneath your bed. 1st class in many ways can be much more affordable than in other countries, but that comes with a price. I was myself annoyed that it was written on my ticket that you get breakfast after 06:30, but my train arrived at 05:50. What was the point with that?

Nr 2: Be aware of changing timetables. The Swedish railroad can be fickle sometimes. There might be train delays due to the weather, due to delayed maintenance of some of the coaches, due to a shortage of staff etc. And sometimes it might look like you are going to be staying at the station for a while, with constantly changing times. But do not let that fool you. It is fine to go into the waiting hall if you are cold, but try to stay close by. Sometimes the trains just happen to be arriving earlier than expected and you do not want to get stranded in the middle of nowhere (unless you are up for an adventure of course).

Nr 3: Rather ask for help than expect people to help you. In Umeå, there are two stations which the train stopped at. One called Umeå Ö and Umeå C. A couple of americans were travelling to Umeå and they almost jumped off the wrong station. They asked to themselves ‘Is this the end station?’, but did not ask the other passengers. I thought to myself ‘no it is not’ and I assume many other passengers did too. In Sweden, most of us do not bother one another more than what is necessary. We would rather than tell you directly if you have been walking around with a clothes hanger stuck to your back, let you be embarrassed in the comfort of your own home. But if you are ever uncertain if it is the right station or not, just ask the person sitting next to you. Most of us are good English speakers and will be polite enough to tell you whether you should go off or not.

Nr 4: Enjoy the scenery! It is a great way to travel and experience the scenery of Sweden (in my humble opinion). So sit back, relax, do not just stare blindly into a screen but rather soak in the landscape that swishes by.

A snow-covered landscape from a train window. Photo.
A train window view of a beautiful sunset in northern Sweden.
Woman outdoor in a snowy landscape. Photo.
Towards Umeå University on a snow-covered road.

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À Paris en train. Bien sûr!

Train at train station. Photo Amanda Elgh.
Early morning at Offenburg trainstation.

Written by:
Amanda Elgh, Student Coordinator, LUCSUS

In this post, I will tell you about how I became a guinea pig for our new travel agency that helps you book train tickets to anywhere in Europe (and maybe elsewhere, I’m not sure! If possible, I would love to take the train all the way to the south of Africa or Japan as well, what an adventure it would be!). I will also share some of my personal tips on how to make the most of your train journey.

I was thrilled when I got accepted to the staff week at Université Paris-Saclay in June last year. But I also had a dilemma: how to get there? I love travelling by train, and I am “emotionally convinced” that we have a responsibility to reduce our carbon footprint, so flying was not an option. But still a slight feeling of uneasiness sneaked upon me! I knew that booking train tickets across borders could potentially be a little painful. I had heard some not so nice stories from my colleagues at LUCSUS, who often travel by train for work. They have shared stories with me on how hard it can be to find the right trains, and the most convenient connections, without being robbed and without having to spend hours and hours on debating with the travel agency who often has argued for the supposedly easier/more affordable/quicker option, flying. Some of them have even given up on the regular travel agency and booked their tickets themselves.

But then I heard the good news: the university was looking for volunteers to test a new travel agency for train journeys. I signed up right away!

I have to say, it was a breeze! The travel agency took care of everything for me. All I had to do was to tell them (through an online form) where and when I wanted to go, and they sent me the tickets by mail within a couple of days. Well, I had to pick the tickets up at the post office at the other end of Lund, but that was only because I made a mistake and gave the travel agency our box address instead of the street address. That’s my first tip for you: use a street address for delivery, or better yet, ask for e-tickets. It’s faster and easier.

Street with flower shop in Paris. Photo Amanda Elgh.
Old car on the street. Photo Amanda Elgh.
Wherever you look, Paris is full of flowers, kitties and cute cars. And also a bit of rubbish, but choose to ignore that 😂
Train station. Photo Amanda Elgh.

The travel itself was also smooth and enjoyable. I and a colleague from the Faculty of Science hopped on the train in Malmö on a Sunday afternoon and arrived in Paris on Monday morning, after a few changes in Copenhagen, Hamburg (where we stretched our legs and had dinner), and Offenburg (where we woke up at 6 AM and had an early breakfast on the platform as the sun rose before we had to jump on the TGV for the last part). The trains were comfortable, clean, and punctual. We had plenty of time to relax, chat, read, and work. And the scenery was beautiful! The experience makes me happy when I think about it.

On the way back, I (I travelled back by myself as I decided to stay for an extra day) had a minor delay, but it was no problem. I used the Rail Planner app to find an alternative route, and all in all I only arrived to Malmö one hour later than planned.

Eiffel Tower from below. Photo Amanda Elgh.

Here are some more tips to make your train journey even more fun:

  • Travel light! You don’t need a lot of stuff. Rather bring some laundry detergent, or use the hotel services than carry a heavy bag.
  • Baby wipes are your best friend! They will keep you fresh and clean, especially if you don’t have access to a shower.
  • Stay hydrated and energised! Drink plenty of water and eat healthy snacks. You will feel happier and sharper.
  • Download some podcasts or audiobooks that you have always wanted to listen to. Now you have the perfect opportunity!
  • Download and familiarise yourself with the Rail Planner app. The app makes it easy to find alternatives if a train is delayed.

To sum it up, travelling by train was not only good for the planet, but also good for me. I had a lot of time to unwind and focus. And had a lot of fun! I would not hesitate to do it again. If in doubt, don’t be, just enjoy it for what it is.

Portrait Amanda Elgh. Photo.
Amanda Elgh, LUCSUS

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COP28 – Reflections from the Desk

Screenshot from online conference, people meditating on stage. Photo.
A meditation session was unexpectedly held during a seminar at COP28, which was followed online from Lund.

Written by:
Alexander Paulsson, Senior lecturer, Lund University School of Economics and Management, LUSEM

Just over a month before the UN Climate Change Conference COP28 in Dubai commenced, I received the exciting news. In my inbox, there was an email from UNFCCC informing me that I had been accredited for virtual participation at COP28. Almost immediately, I attempted to rearrange my calendar to make room for this. Meetings with few participants are relatively easy to adjust, but teaching is a bit trickier, as are meetings with many participants that have been planned well in advance. Unfortunately, keeping the calendar completely empty of activities was not an option in my case. Despite this, I managed to create room in the calendar to participate in most of the sessions and meetings that I later signed up for. Another thing I began to ponder was the time difference. In my previous professional life, I worked for a company whose clients were mainly located in Saudi Arabia. Dealing with the time difference was challenging, especially when real-time communication was needed. So, how would the three-hour time difference play out during COP28?

As soon as I could log in to the website and the virtual platform where COP28 would be broadcasted, I searched through the program for sessions and meetings related to economic issues and financing. There were quite a few, which did not surprise me, given that many discussions in previous meetings had largely revolved around Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and the disputed market mechanism.

How was it then to follow COP from the desk?

The short answer is: at times very exciting and engaging, and at times quite challenging. Following the discussions and meetings in real-time went well despite the time difference. Thanks to some planning and rearranging, it worked out well. It was occasionally difficult to maintain concentration, however, especially, when the conversations during meetings revolved around how individual sentences should be formulated. At those times, I zoomed out after a while. It was easier, though, when disagreements arose and the conflicts became clearer. Then I was drawn into the conversations in a completely different way.

The oddest – and most surprising – moment was when I tried to log in and follow a discussion on how the climate transition should be financed, but instead, I found myself right in the middle of a presentation by an NGO about climate collapse and inner transformations. The long-haired chairman talked about a NASA-funded report that mapped out how civilizations had collapsed, only to quickly transition into a collective meditation. “We need to start with an inner transformation,” he said. The meditation included people both present in Dubai and online.

The “historic” agreement marking “the beginning of the end” of the fossil fuel era, I heard on the radio just before eight o’clock on December 13th, on my way to work. All in all, I learned about the negotiations lot by following COP 28 from the desk, and I would definitely like to do it again if the opportunity arises.

Portrait Alexander Paulsson. Photo.
Alexander Paulsson,
Lund University School of Economics and Management
Photo: Johan Persson

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“Oh, you came here by train? Magnifique!”

Woman on train. Photo.
Heading to Versailles for a meeting.

Written by:
Pernilla Borgström and Cheryl Sjöström, Centre for Environmental and Climate Science

When we applied to go on an Erasmus+ staff training trip to Université Paris-Saclay, train travel felt like the obvious mode of transport for both of us. Primarily for personal reasons of wanting to travel as sustainably as possible, but also since the Erasmus+ mobility programme offered a (modest but welcome) funding bump for those choosing not to fly.

Planning our trip

Booking the trip was easy thanks to the university’s newly procured train travel agency. We sent them an e-mail specifying our preferred dates and modes of travel, and they got back to us quickly with a suggested itinerary. We chose to travel with Interrail passes (this is often the cheapest option), but with reserved seats on each connection, and the agency took care of the otherwise time-consuming task of getting us those reserved seats. It’s good to keep in mind that the prices the agency gives you are in DKK (Danish Krone), and given the current eye-watering exchange rate, you or whoever holds the budget will want to avoid ugly surprises when the bill ultimately shows up in SEK (we may or may not be speaking from experience…). 

An unexpected Brussels holiday

We set off from Copenhagen bright and early on the 3rd of December, with a smooth and sleepy ride to Hamburg. The “adventsfika” we’d brought along went nicely with the crisp, snowy views outside the window. Once in Hamburg, however, the chaotic energy of Deutsche Bahn kicked into gear, and our next connection to Köln was announced to have a 15 minute, then 30 minute, then 45 minute delay. We watched our intended connection time in Köln shrivel and disappear, which created some timeline tension as we wanted to be in Brussels in time to catch our Eurostar connection to Paris (the Eurostar Interrail seat reservations are mandatory, and quite pricey, so switching to another departure isn’t as straightforward as it is with the regular trains). 

The dream of catching that connection stayed alive through our trip to Köln, and a pleasant stop-over there, wandering through a snowy Christmas market just outside the station, and a potato noodle dinner. But the dream dwindled and died on the next train (to Brussels), also delayed. And so, we built a new beautiful dream, of catching the very last Eurostar from Brussels at 22.15. But alas, once again: dwindling, and death. We arrived in Brussels shortly after that train’s departure, and so booked a hotel for the night near the train station.

Woman reading on a train. Photo.
Time for reading on the train to Hamburg.
Take away food, Christmas market in the background. Photo.
Potato noodle dinner in Köln.

RER you ready for Paris rush hour?

After a few sweet hours of sleep, we caught the first Eurostar from Brussels to Paris the next morning. Thanks to friendly onboard staff, it was no problem to travel with our expired seat reservations on the “wrong” departure. We arrived at Gare du Nord on time, treated ourselves to a pain au chocolat breakfast, then got tickets for the regional RER train that was to take us straight to our first meeting at Université Paris-Saclay. Traveling from central Paris at peak rush hour turned out to be a true baptism of public transport fire; we not so much lined up as squeezed ourselves into the mass of people waiting by the doors, drifted with the crowd onto the train, then stood squished and unable to move for several stops before people started filing off. (An important lesson learned: don’t bring a cup of takeaway coffee to RER rush hour, your fellow passengers won’t be amused).

Train travel as an ice-breaker  

The RER trains became our friends during the week, as they took us to the different places we needed to go. Université Paris-Saclay consists of several different campuses, with quite large distances to travel between them, and with our handy Navigo ‘semaine’ pass (30€ for a week) we could easily travel between them on both trains and buses, jumping on and off with a blip of the card on the reader. In our meetings and interactions with staff at Paris-Saclay, we found that people were very interested to hear the why and how of our chosen mode of travel, and it proved to be a pretty good ice-breaker (especially in that first meeting, when we showed up sleep-deprived and frazzled yet very enthusiastic and happy to have arrived!). 

We were staying in the town of Massy, roughly midway between central Paris and Paris-Saclay, and with our Navigo passes, it was easy to go into Paris for a short visit when we had the time. The passes were also valid on the Paris metro – great value for money!

Smooth training through Switzerland

Our trip back home went much smoother than on the way down. A TGV got us to Basel in good time for our night train; perhaps too good, as we ended up waiting there around three hours with very little to do when the Nightjet towards Hamburg was delayed. This frazzled our nerves a bit and we started dreading a repeat of our involuntary Brussels holiday, but thankfully it was only a modest delay, and we were soon comfortably settled in our small Nightjet cabin, with complementary goodie bags of slippers, chocolate and – ojoj – fizzy wine!

In Hamburg we had just enough time to buy some pretzels, then stepped aboard our train towards Copenhagen, which departed beautifully on time and brought us smoothly back to Copenhagen.

What we’ve learned (or re-learned)

All in all, it was a great experience and one we’d happily repeat. Reflecting back on the journey, here are some things we think are useful to keep in mind when deciding to embark on a longer train journey:  

  1. Travel time and expectations: we’ve both done enough long-distance train traveling to know that unexpected things can happen, and this time we were a bit unlucky on the way down, but we were also mentally prepared for possible issues arising. As Jessika Luth Richter put it nicely in a previous blog post, long-distance train travel does require you to think of time differently – of course it will take you longer to reach your destination than if you would fly there, but that extra time can be filled with useful and interesting things and experiences, such as work, books, long conversations (with both travel partners and strangers), music, day-dreaming, potato noodles… And from these things, new perspectives and ideas might arise. Accepting, but ideally also appreciating, the added time and the opportunities you get from it is key to a pleasant journey. Which brings us to a practical point of…
  2. Turnover times: time pessimism is, sometimes, your friend. Especially the German trains are notorious for being delayed, so if you’re a nervous traveller it can make the journey more pleasant if you add some extra time at each stop, and at most of the big stations there’s enough to keep you entertained in or around the station for an hour or two if you end up having to wait. 
  3. Extra expenses: it can be good to check beforehand how it works if you end up having to pay for hotels, taxis and more because of missed connections – this is especially unclear when traveling on an Interrail pass, and we found that the onboard staff on our delayed trains couldn’t really guide us through the process, as they referred us to station staff for answers, with the station staff in Brussels in turn referring us back to Deutsche Bahn. This would have been a bit easier to navigate if we’d known our full rights beforehand, and what sort of documentation (e.g. proof of delay) that we would need to ask for.
Two women on the street, houses in the background. Photo.
In our temporary home base of Massy.
Exterior of a train station. Photo.
A misty morning at the station in Versailles.
Exterior of a train station. Photo.
At Gare de Lyon, getting ready to leave a rainy Paris.

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From Train Delays to Arctic Light and Whale Watching

Orcas in water. Photo.
Orcas near Skjervøy. Photo.

Written by:
Ranka Steingrimsdottir, Librarian, the Joint Faculties of Humanities and Theology

In the beginning of November, I travelled by train and bus to the Arctic University in Tromsø, to take part in the yearly Munin Conference on Scholarly Publishing. As a librarian working with research support at the Libraries of the Joint Faculties of Humanities and Theology, this conference covers issues that are key for me and my colleagues’ work. So, I was very happy to get funding from Erasmus Plus and be able to go to the conference. However, in these times of climate crisis, it was unthinkable for me to fly to the conference. The very few flights our remaining carbon budget allows us to take, we need to save for absolutely necessary travels, which in my case is to be able to fly to the island where a large part of my family and friends live (going by train to Iceland is unfortunately not an option). For the last six years or so, and since I decided to do what I can to reduce my carbon footprint, for all other trips I have chosen the train before the plane (or in some cases the bus). During holidays I’ve taken the train to destinations such as Abisko (to hike the Kungsleden trail), to Sundsvall and from Örnsköldsvik (to hike the Högakusten trail), but also to Cinque Terre, Pisa, Rome, Berlin, Paris, San Sebastián, Bilbao, Madrid, and Barcelona. Moreover, during these years, I’ve taken the bus back and forth to the French Alps three times, to go skiing. All this without any problems or delays whatsoever! But this time going to the north of Norway, I really got to experience some delays (which can of course happen with flights as well – there was actually a group of people onboard the night train because their flight had been cancelled due to heavy fog).

Arrival Just on Time

The delays started already on the train going from Lund to Stockholm, which was 2,5 hours delayed, so when I finally arrived in Stockholm, I had missed my night train that was supposed to take me directly from Stockholm to Narvik, Norway. A few hours later, I managed to get on another night train to Norrland. This train, however, ended up being more than five hours delayed, which meant that I arrived in Boden at about three in the afternoon instead of at ten in the morning. From there I took a train to Kiruna, arriving there at half past eight in the evening. Because there were no more trains going to Norway that day, I had to take a taxi with three other people (paid by the train company!). Two of them were going to a research station in Abisko and then there were two of us going to Narvik. On the way driving through the snow-covered winter landscape the taxi-driver all of a sudden stopped to let us get out of the car and see northern lights! I spent a short night at a hotel in Narvik and then got on a bus to Tromsø at 5.35 in the morning. And arrived on time to the conference that started at ten o’clock (instead of having arrived in Tromsø in the afternoon the day before)!

Woman outside building, with snow on the ground. Photo.
The Arctic University in Tromsø in daylight.
Snow-covered garden. Photo.
The Arctic-Alpine Botanical Garden in Tromsø.

Bonus Experiences

As there was no return train until the Sunday (due to track work), I got to stay for an extra day in Tromsø. Therefore, I took the opportunity to go on a whale watching tour (on an electricity-fueled catamaran), that took us to Skjervøy. We were away for seven hours and saw both orcas and humpback whales, even though I think the scenery and the Arctic light was actually the best part, as we were away to see both the sunrise (at around 9 o’clock) and the sunset (at a bit past 1 o’clock) over the icy fjords and snow-covered mountains. Back in Tromsø I took a cable car up to the top of a mountain nearby, hoping to see northern lights from above the clouds.

The return trip went completely according to plan – beginning with a four-hour bus-ride from Tromsø to Narvik, with a short stop to buy a pad thai in Narvik, followed by the direct night train between Narvik and Stockholm, that takes eighteen hours. And finally, I took the train from Stockholm to Lund. All in all, both the conference and the travelling, was very interesting and rewarding, even though the way to the conference ended up a bit more adventurous than I had expected.

Woman on boat, mountains in the background. Photo.
Arctic selfie.
Night view over city. Photo.
View over Tromsø from above the clouds.

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Choosing Sufficiency: Redefining Travel Quality in a Climate Crisis

Written by:
Jessika Luth Richter, Associate senior lecturer, IIIEE, The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics

I decided to stop flying within Europe in 2018, towards the end of my PhD. In part, I was influenced by many of those who have already written sustainable travel blogs here, including Kimberly Nicholas. I had been researching climate and sustainable consumption for years and just couldn’t justify the environmental impacts in a time of climate crisis.

Of course, Covid followed soon after so not flying became the norm for everyone. In 2020, I started working with the EU 1.5° Lifestyles project, in which the project partners pledged to travel as sustainably as possible – to “walk the talk” so to speak. Through the endeavor to travel as sustainably as possible, I have learned a few lessons along the way.

Take it easy on myself and think of time differently

Making a commitment to not flying for work didn’t go as planned from the beginning. My first meticulously planned itinerary from Lund to Helsinki ended before I’d gone even 100km, stopped in Hässleholm due to a fire on the tracks up ahead and no hope of getting to the ferry in Stockholm in the near future. The travel agency apologized and suggested I turn around to Copenhagen and take a flight. I learned quickly to leave some extra time to get to the destinations and build in a working day while travelling and long breaks when switching modes to grab a meal or a quick walk around a city (train stations are great for that – they are almost always in the center of everything). When I know I am going somewhere I book several days on either side in my calendar to avoid scheduling teacher or other on-site activities in case I need to be on route once I figure out my itinerary. Many trains now have wifi and the last train trip on the German ICE train felt like I was in a co-working space – everyone was working and I was compelled to also have a productive working day.

Woman on train station. Photo.
City view with bridge and river. Photo.
Cup of coffee and chocolate cake. Photo.
A couple of hours in Villach, Austria waiting for a train connection allowed for a quick walk around town and a taste of some local chocolate cake.

Flexibility is needed

Last summer a storm named Polly disrupted all travel to the Netherlands for a project meeting and sustainability conference combined (the project aimed to put the project meetings close to planned conferences if possible). Getting there required heavy use of the public transport apps in finding viable alternative connections. Having those apps to support me had come with a trade-off because my old phone had stopped being able to run them effectively (to be fair, after 7 years) and I had to buy a new phone before the trip to feel that I could handle disruptions if they arose.

Apps were not the only support along the way. Anytime I was interrupted while travelling, I found others in the same situation who helped me too. My travel to a conference in July in Zagreb was only supposed to be three trains and 24 hours. Five trains and 3 days later, I arrived after a lot of troubleshooting but with a group of other conference attendees I had met along the way. I had already met one objective of the conference – I had a great network of sustainability researchers and practitioners. Nothing breaks the ice more than being stranded for hours at an unmanned train station!

View from rainy window. Photo.
Mountains and green fields with yellow flowers. Photo.
A trip to Zagreb disrupted by floods but after three days I made it to my destination. There were some beautiful views along the way once the clouds cleared.

On the one hand, train travel through Europe gets a reputation for being unreliable. Certainly, the travel to project meetings proved the need to be flexible and understanding rights and options as a traveler. However, travelling in weather events interrupted all travel, even flying. On the trip to the Netherlands, it turns out the train was easier than flying when all the transport to and from airports is stopped. Which is to say, travel in general requires flexibility, sustainable travel included.

Determining what is sustainable travel can be tricky

It is important to me as a sustainability researcher to practice what I preach. Yet, even for me there can be times when it is hard to know what actually is the most sustainable option. The second time I was planning to go to Helsinki I was determined to take the train and ferry. At the time, another project I was involved in, Mistra Sustainable Consumption, had just completed a carbon calculator for travel. I tested it and was a bit shocked that my train and ferry trip would be very close in carbon emissions to flying the same route. I read a bit more about it and asked the researchers. The ferry calculations depended on the speed of the ferry, the fuel, and how emissions are allocated between freight and passengers. Considering this, I found that one ferry line between Stockholm and Turku had switched to a more efficient ferry that could potentially use biofuel. I booked an overnight train to Stockholm and then took the ferry to Turku/Åbo. Since it was a day crossing, it was very cheap to book a cabin with wifi as my office for the day. Instead of the night before the conference in Helsinki, I spent the night in Turku/Åbo and commuted to Helsinki in the morning.

Working from the cabin and taking a break on the ferry to Finland (desk not pictured).

Adopting a sufficiency approach to travel

In the last few years, I not only changed the way I traveled in deciding not to fly. I also changed how much I traveled. I now have to choose between conferences in the summer that before I might have flown from one to the other. I definitely experience the fear of missing out syndrome, but I have also found that while the quantity of travelling and meetings has reduced the quality has not. I now collaborate with some researchers that I have never met in person, and it still works.

During lunch at a 1.5 project meeting July in the Netherlands we were all remarking how great the next project meeting in six months was going to be. The meeting was planned at our Spanish partners in A Coruña on the northwest coast of Spain in November to escape the winter gloom. Then we started sharing our initial research on potential travel itineraries. Would we go overnight on a train, daytime on a bus and then overnight again? Or 24 hours on a bus? Some reluctantly admitted they could not attend without flying. The allure of warm sun was fading fast with the realization of the herculean effort and the irony of 20+ researchers flying to Spain to meet about 1.5° lifestyles. Then it was suggested maybe we should just have the meeting online.

So rather than finishing this piece from a train after our 3 day project meeting, I am finishing it from home. My colleagues attended the meeting together from the office and it actually finished early, giving me a bit more time to work on other things. Now instead of a swim in the sea in Spain, I am off to go ice-skating with my son.

Researchers meeting in person in Lund and online with the rest of the consortium. Not the same as Spain, but with its own benefits.

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Fly less. Yes, you!

Woman outside builing with European Union flags. Photo.

Written by:
Kimberly Nicholas, Senior lecturer, LUCSUS (Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies)

You already know, dear reader, that if you fly, it’s your biggest source of climate pollution.

Just 1% of the world’s population are regular flyers— and they represent 50% of climate pollution from flights. (I was in that group until I put my frequent flyer card in a museum.) Eeeeeek!

After a big drop in 2020, we see flying rebounding fast right now. But we know that a “recovery” of business-as-usual flying means climate catastrophe. Flying needs to decline, because flying today is at odds with the big-ass reductions in emissions we need to make to avoid blowing all of humanity’s remaining carbon budget in the next 83 months. (ACK!)

A great place to start is to join the Flight Free Campaign, which started here in Sweden. Some chapters, like the UK and US, offer the chance to pledge to go flight-free for a year, to make a significant personal change and work for broader system change. (If work or family commitments mean you can’t go flight-free, you can also pledge to be flight-free for holidays.) Also check out the Stay Grounded campaign.

Some ways to get started or ramp up staying grounded, focusing on work flying:

  • Start conversations about flying at work, and find at least one person who wants to work towards your organisation flying less.
  • Get your organisation to use behavioural science to support flying less, following guidance from World Resources Institute to:
    • (1) Make virtual easy;
    • (2) Use positive social norms and pledges;
    • (3) Encourage senior staff to lead new norms by convening explicit travel-reduction conversations; and
    • (4) Formalize institutional policies and procedures, like changing budget templates or proposal guidelines.
  • Ready to dive in? FlyingLessResourcesGuide.info is a one-stop shop for everything from practical guides to hosting low-carbon conferences, to getting your organisation or industry to fly less, to how to push for funders and incentives to support flying less.
  • Join campaigns and communities like FlyingLess.org, which has fabulous resources and stories for academics flying less.
  • Here’s 4 minutes of me talking about how our department is going about flying less, and here’s a whole podcast on Flying Less!
  • Make institutional guidance like the Tyndall Centre decision tree to prioritise flights, and start conversations about equity. (Flying is usually distributed very unequally within organisations; their guidelines prioritise flights for younger and less advantaged scholars.)
  • Get inspired by others who are already leading the way- like these universities who have implemented or are planning measures.

EuroTour23

stopped flying within Europe in 2012. In fall 2023, I took a 3-week, 9-country overland tour, mostly by train, to give a series of talks and join meetings with policymakers, researchers, and climate communicators. Here are a few photo highlights. 

Map of route in Europe. Illustration.
Map of my Eurotrip September-October 2023.
Woe
EuroTour -23 begins! First trip Lund –> Oslo.
Take away food. Photo.
Ideal: bring homemade lunch in reusable container. Reality: I’m running out of the door after frantically packing and buying food to go. Still, eating plant based saves more emissions than meat in reusable container.
Woman on ferry. Photo.
Hej då Oslo! On overnight ferry from Oslo to Kiel, Germany. Planned a review paper with colleagues on flying less and well-being.
Obligatory selfie while biking in Paris with Eiffel Tower in the background.
Woman on train station. Photo.
Boarding the Eurostar from London heading back to Lund.

The text was first published in Kim’s newsletter, We Can Fix It, on facing the climate crisis with facts, feelings, and action. See the archives and subscribe.

The mobility to Paris was supported by the French Embassy in Sweden.

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FlyWell

Airport departure sign. Photo.

Written by:
Max Koch, Professor, School of Social Work

I took my last flight from Alicante to Copenhagen in February 2013 to teach on an EU Intensive Programme. I had taken the train to Alicante but felt not to have enough time for the journey back to Lund. Prior to this, and after a longer dialogue with my wife Eileen Laurie, I had added the environmental aspect to my previous research interest in capitalist development and its impact on welfare systems and the social structure. I came to feel that doing research on the environment and the climate emergency in an ethical way meant that I needed to carry out research with an as low ecological footprint as possible.

Just before my last flight I had published a book entitled Capitalism and Climate Change: Theoretical Discussion, Historical Development and Policy Solutions. This book included a short analysis of the academic field of the time. Flying for academic reasons had already then little to do with knowledge diffusion – this could and can be done with the help of communication technology – but, instead, with the accumulation of symbolic academic capital to use the terminology of the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu: the further one could convince his or her employer or funder to travel (usually by plane), the greater the perceived value of that researcher and, hence, the symbolic profit. Conversely, choosing and attending local conferences smacked of the parochial and provincial.

While the existence of this blog suggests that it became more legitimate in the meantime to carry out research without flying, it is also true that there are still many researchers (including sustainability researchers) who would argue that the importance of their research somewhat overcompensates their high-carbon mode of working.

I have not regretted my decision taken ten years ago to stop flying for business and private reasons (except for emergencies, which thankfully have not happened so far). If anything, it has made my life easier: I came to choose projects in Sweden or neighbouring countries that are easily reachable by train, bus or sometimes ferry. However, on occasions I travel further using night-trains – once as far as Lisbon.

But quite often, when I receive requests for talks etc. it has either to be local, online or my answer is “no”. I recognize that saying “no” to things is easier for a senior researcher and that early-career researchers may well not have the freedom to choose. At the same time, I believe that academic careers in the climate emergency should be planned and proceed in different ways than when I began my research career.

For this to happen, it is of course paramount to be in an academic environment that does not promote flying and individual competition with regard to symbolic academic capital, but instead encourages and supports academic productivity that has the lowest environmental cost.

(Sustainability) researchers have a role to play in helping to question and overcoming fossil infrastructures within and beyond the academic field. In a new research project entitled “FlyWell” (Flying less and well-being: Engaging Norwegians in reducing the flight intensity of social practices) PI Mònica Guillén-Royo, her colleagues from CICERO and I are going to meet representatives from public organisations including the Norwegian Football Association, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation as well as from the academic sector to collectively reflect on current fossil and alternative more sustainable communication and mobility patterns. These would need to include a drastic reduction of flying if meeting the Paris Climate targets are supposed to be more than a pipedream. Perhaps such a critical reflection on social practices and the initiation of corresponding change can be of value also for Swedish academia and society!

Project FlyWell: FlyWell: how to reduce air travel and at the same time maintain a high quality of life. — Lunds universitet

Portrait Max Koch. Photo.
Max Koch, Professor, School of Social Work

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